Footnotes: Joshua 1:3
FOOTNOTES: JOSHUA 1:3 Every place upon which the sole of your foot shall tread, that I have given to you, as I promised Moses.
- The Book of Joshua Chapter 1:3
Then the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath or spirit of life; and man became a living being. [1 Cor. 15:45-49.]
- Genesis 2:7
The same essential chemical elements are found in man and animal life that are in the soil. This scientific fact was not known to man until recent times, but God was displaying it here.
And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of Us [the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit], to know [how to distinguish between] good and evil, and blessing and calamity; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat and live forever -
- Genesis 3:22
This sentence is left unfinished, as if to hasten to avert the tragedy suggested of men living forever in their now fallen state.
So [God] drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep and guard the way of the tree of life. [Rev. 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19.]
- Genesis 3:24
Cherubim are ministering spirits manifesting God's invisible presence and symbolizing His action (Baker's Dictionary of Theology, adapted).
Title. But for Cain and his offering He had no respect or regard. So Cain was exceedingly angry and indignant, and he looked sad and depressed.
- Genesis 4:5
In bringing the offering he did, Cain denied that he was a sinful creature, under the sentence of Divine condemnation. He insisted on approaching God on the ground of personal worthiness. Instead of accepting God's way, he offered to God the fruits of the ground which God had cursed. He presented the product of his own toil, the work of his own hands, and God refused to receive it (Arthur W. Pink in Gleanings in Genesis, condensed).
And Cain said to his brother, Let us go out to the field. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and killed him. [1 John 3:12.]
- Genesis 4:8
The Hebrew omits this clause, but various other texts show that it was originally included.
And the Lord said to Cain, Where is Abel your brother? And he said, I do not know. Am I my brother's keeper?
- Genesis 4:9
God's first question to man is, "Where are you?" (Gen. 3:9). His second question is "Where is your brother?"
Then Cain said to the Lord, My punishment is greater than I can bear.
- Genesis 4:13
Some ancient versions read, "Too great to be forgiven!"
And the Lord said to him, Therefore, if anyone kills Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the Lord set a mark or sign upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.
- Genesis 4:15
Some versions read, "Not so!"
Many commentators believe this sign not to have been like a brand on the forehead, but something awesome about Cain's appearance that made people dread and avoid him.
And Cain's wife [one of Adam's offspring] became pregnant and bore Enoch; and Cain built a city, and named it after his son, Enoch.
- Genesis 4:17
Dodd, quoted in Clarke's Commentary, shows that it would have been possible for Adam and Eve, in the more than 100 years he estimates may have elapsed since their union, to have had over 32,000 descendants at the time Cain went to Nod, all of them having sprung from Cain and Abel who married their sisters.
Title. So all the days of Lamech were 777 years, and he died.
- Genesis 5:31
It is now well known that the age of mankind cannot be reckoned in years from the facts listed in genealogies, for there are numerous known intentional gaps in them. For example, as B. B. Warfield in his Studies in Theology points out, the genealogy in Matt. 1:1-17 omits the three kings, Ahaziah, Jehoash, and Amaziah, and indicates that Joram (Matt. 1:8) begat Uzziah, who was his great-great-grandson. The mistake of compressed genealogies for bases of chronology has been very misleading. So far, the dates in years of very early Old Testament events are altogether speculative and relative, and the tendency is to put them farther and farther back into antiquity.
G-d said to Noah, I intend to make an end of all flesh, for through men the land is filled with violence; and behold, I will destroy them and the land.
- Genesis 6:13
Enoch had warned these people (Jude 14, 15); Noah had preached righteousness to them (2 Peter 2:5); G-d's Spirit had been striving with them (Gen. 6:3). Yet they had rejected G-d and were without excuse.
You shall make a roof or window - a place for light - to the ark, and finish it a cubit [at least 18 inches] above - and the door of the ark you shall put in the side of it; and you shall make it with lower, second, and third stories.
- Genesis 6:16
Noah's ark possibly had a window area large enough to admit light and provide ventilation. The animals were possibly prevented from multiplying, by wisely built compartments; the size of the boat itself was comparable to that of an average battleship used in World War 1.
"Here can only be meant an entrance which was afterward closed, and only opened again at the end of the flood. And since there were three stories of the ark, the word is to be understood, perhaps, of three entrances capable of being closed, and to which there would have been constructed a way of access from the outside" (Lange's Commentary).
Of clean animals and of animals that are not clean, and of birds and fowls, and of everything that creeps on the ground,
- Genesis 7:8
Noah had many years in which to interest travelers in securing these animals for him. The five extra pairs of clean animals were for food, and for sacrifice later.
In the year 601 [of Noah's life], on the first day of the first month, the waters were drying from of the land; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the surface of the ground was drying.
- Genesis 8:13
Possibly overhanging eaves which prevented the rain from coming through the perforated window space had also prevented Noah from seeing the mountain tops. It is well to remember that the architect of Noah's ark was the omniscient Scientist whose "ways are past finding out," though men have learned much from them through the centuries. Nothing was lacking in Noah's Ark to keep it from being suited for all that was required of it. The comfortable, light, well-ventilated, water tight, perfectly planned boat, large enough to accomodate all the original land animals intelligently and to permit the four human couples to live separately and in peace, needs no apology today. "In 1609 at Hoorn, in Holland, the Neatherlandish Mennonite, P. Jansen, produced a vessel after the pattern of the ark, only smaller, whereby he proved it was well adapted for floating, and would carry a cargo greater by one third than any other form of like cubical content" (Lange's Commentary, condensed). It revolutionized ship building. By 1900 every large vessel on the high seas was definitely inclined to the proportions of Noah's Ark (as verified by "Lloyd's Register of Shipping" in the World Almanac). Later, ships were built longer for speed, a matter of no concern to Noah.
He exclaimed, Cursed be Canaan! He shall be the servant of servants to his brethren! [Deut. 27:16.]
- Genesis 9:25
The language of Noah here is an actual prophecy and not merely an expression of personal feeling. That Noah placed a curse on his youngest grandchild, Canaan, who would naturally be his favorite, can only be explained on the ground that in the prophetic spirit he saw into the future of the Canaanites. [God Himself found the delinquency of the Canaanites insufferable and ultimately drove them out or subdued them and put the descendants of Shem in their place.] But Noah's foresight did not yet include the extermination of the Canaanite peoples, for then he would have expressed it differently. He would not merely have called them "the servants of servants" if he had foreseen their destruction. The form of the expression, therefore, testifies to the great age of the prophecy. (Adapted from Lange's Commentary)
And the territory of the Canaanites extended from Sidon, as one goes to Gerar, as far as Gaza, and as one goes to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim, as far as Lasha.
- Genesis 10:19
Surely no greater proof is needed of the great antiquity of this portion of Genesis than the fact that it mentions as still standing these four cities of the plain, which were utterly destroyed in Abraham's time (Gen. 19:27-29; Deut. 29:23). Gradually it is being discovered that Genesis contains all the evidence necessary for it's own defense.
And the Lord said, Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and now nothing they have imagined they can do will be impossible to them.
- Genesis 11:6
Some noted philologists have declared that a common origin of all languages cannot be denied. One, Max Mueller in his Science of Language, said, "We have examined all possible forms which language can assume, and now we ask, can we reconcile with these three distinct forms, the radical, the terminational, the inflectional, the admission of one common origin of human speech? I answer decidedly, "Yes." The New Bible Commentary says, "The original unity of human language, though still far from demonstrable, becomes increasingly probable."
After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of [at different times], Abram, and Nahor and Haran, [his first-born].
- Genesis 11:26
Abram is only mentioned first by way of dignity, Noah's sons also are given as "Shem, Ham, and Japheth" in 5:32, although Shem was not the eldest, but for dignity is named first, as is Abram here (Clarke's Commentary, condensed).
- The Book of Joshua Chapter 1:3
Then the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath or spirit of life; and man became a living being. [1 Cor. 15:45-49.]
- Genesis 2:7
The same essential chemical elements are found in man and animal life that are in the soil. This scientific fact was not known to man until recent times, but God was displaying it here.
And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of Us [the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit], to know [how to distinguish between] good and evil, and blessing and calamity; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat and live forever -
- Genesis 3:22
This sentence is left unfinished, as if to hasten to avert the tragedy suggested of men living forever in their now fallen state.
So [God] drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep and guard the way of the tree of life. [Rev. 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19.]
- Genesis 3:24
Cherubim are ministering spirits manifesting God's invisible presence and symbolizing His action (Baker's Dictionary of Theology, adapted).
Title. But for Cain and his offering He had no respect or regard. So Cain was exceedingly angry and indignant, and he looked sad and depressed.
- Genesis 4:5
In bringing the offering he did, Cain denied that he was a sinful creature, under the sentence of Divine condemnation. He insisted on approaching God on the ground of personal worthiness. Instead of accepting God's way, he offered to God the fruits of the ground which God had cursed. He presented the product of his own toil, the work of his own hands, and God refused to receive it (Arthur W. Pink in Gleanings in Genesis, condensed).
And Cain said to his brother, Let us go out to the field. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and killed him. [1 John 3:12.]
- Genesis 4:8
The Hebrew omits this clause, but various other texts show that it was originally included.
And the Lord said to Cain, Where is Abel your brother? And he said, I do not know. Am I my brother's keeper?
- Genesis 4:9
God's first question to man is, "Where are you?" (Gen. 3:9). His second question is "Where is your brother?"
Then Cain said to the Lord, My punishment is greater than I can bear.
- Genesis 4:13
Some ancient versions read, "Too great to be forgiven!"
And the Lord said to him, Therefore, if anyone kills Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the Lord set a mark or sign upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.
- Genesis 4:15
Some versions read, "Not so!"
Many commentators believe this sign not to have been like a brand on the forehead, but something awesome about Cain's appearance that made people dread and avoid him.
And Cain's wife [one of Adam's offspring] became pregnant and bore Enoch; and Cain built a city, and named it after his son, Enoch.
- Genesis 4:17
Dodd, quoted in Clarke's Commentary, shows that it would have been possible for Adam and Eve, in the more than 100 years he estimates may have elapsed since their union, to have had over 32,000 descendants at the time Cain went to Nod, all of them having sprung from Cain and Abel who married their sisters.
Title. So all the days of Lamech were 777 years, and he died.
- Genesis 5:31
It is now well known that the age of mankind cannot be reckoned in years from the facts listed in genealogies, for there are numerous known intentional gaps in them. For example, as B. B. Warfield in his Studies in Theology points out, the genealogy in Matt. 1:1-17 omits the three kings, Ahaziah, Jehoash, and Amaziah, and indicates that Joram (Matt. 1:8) begat Uzziah, who was his great-great-grandson. The mistake of compressed genealogies for bases of chronology has been very misleading. So far, the dates in years of very early Old Testament events are altogether speculative and relative, and the tendency is to put them farther and farther back into antiquity.
G-d said to Noah, I intend to make an end of all flesh, for through men the land is filled with violence; and behold, I will destroy them and the land.
- Genesis 6:13
Enoch had warned these people (Jude 14, 15); Noah had preached righteousness to them (2 Peter 2:5); G-d's Spirit had been striving with them (Gen. 6:3). Yet they had rejected G-d and were without excuse.
You shall make a roof or window - a place for light - to the ark, and finish it a cubit [at least 18 inches] above - and the door of the ark you shall put in the side of it; and you shall make it with lower, second, and third stories.
- Genesis 6:16
Noah's ark possibly had a window area large enough to admit light and provide ventilation. The animals were possibly prevented from multiplying, by wisely built compartments; the size of the boat itself was comparable to that of an average battleship used in World War 1.
"Here can only be meant an entrance which was afterward closed, and only opened again at the end of the flood. And since there were three stories of the ark, the word is to be understood, perhaps, of three entrances capable of being closed, and to which there would have been constructed a way of access from the outside" (Lange's Commentary).
Of clean animals and of animals that are not clean, and of birds and fowls, and of everything that creeps on the ground,
- Genesis 7:8
Noah had many years in which to interest travelers in securing these animals for him. The five extra pairs of clean animals were for food, and for sacrifice later.
In the year 601 [of Noah's life], on the first day of the first month, the waters were drying from of the land; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the surface of the ground was drying.
- Genesis 8:13
Possibly overhanging eaves which prevented the rain from coming through the perforated window space had also prevented Noah from seeing the mountain tops. It is well to remember that the architect of Noah's ark was the omniscient Scientist whose "ways are past finding out," though men have learned much from them through the centuries. Nothing was lacking in Noah's Ark to keep it from being suited for all that was required of it. The comfortable, light, well-ventilated, water tight, perfectly planned boat, large enough to accomodate all the original land animals intelligently and to permit the four human couples to live separately and in peace, needs no apology today. "In 1609 at Hoorn, in Holland, the Neatherlandish Mennonite, P. Jansen, produced a vessel after the pattern of the ark, only smaller, whereby he proved it was well adapted for floating, and would carry a cargo greater by one third than any other form of like cubical content" (Lange's Commentary, condensed). It revolutionized ship building. By 1900 every large vessel on the high seas was definitely inclined to the proportions of Noah's Ark (as verified by "Lloyd's Register of Shipping" in the World Almanac). Later, ships were built longer for speed, a matter of no concern to Noah.
He exclaimed, Cursed be Canaan! He shall be the servant of servants to his brethren! [Deut. 27:16.]
- Genesis 9:25
The language of Noah here is an actual prophecy and not merely an expression of personal feeling. That Noah placed a curse on his youngest grandchild, Canaan, who would naturally be his favorite, can only be explained on the ground that in the prophetic spirit he saw into the future of the Canaanites. [God Himself found the delinquency of the Canaanites insufferable and ultimately drove them out or subdued them and put the descendants of Shem in their place.] But Noah's foresight did not yet include the extermination of the Canaanite peoples, for then he would have expressed it differently. He would not merely have called them "the servants of servants" if he had foreseen their destruction. The form of the expression, therefore, testifies to the great age of the prophecy. (Adapted from Lange's Commentary)
And the territory of the Canaanites extended from Sidon, as one goes to Gerar, as far as Gaza, and as one goes to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim, as far as Lasha.
- Genesis 10:19
Surely no greater proof is needed of the great antiquity of this portion of Genesis than the fact that it mentions as still standing these four cities of the plain, which were utterly destroyed in Abraham's time (Gen. 19:27-29; Deut. 29:23). Gradually it is being discovered that Genesis contains all the evidence necessary for it's own defense.
And the Lord said, Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and now nothing they have imagined they can do will be impossible to them.
- Genesis 11:6
Some noted philologists have declared that a common origin of all languages cannot be denied. One, Max Mueller in his Science of Language, said, "We have examined all possible forms which language can assume, and now we ask, can we reconcile with these three distinct forms, the radical, the terminational, the inflectional, the admission of one common origin of human speech? I answer decidedly, "Yes." The New Bible Commentary says, "The original unity of human language, though still far from demonstrable, becomes increasingly probable."
After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of [at different times], Abram, and Nahor and Haran, [his first-born].
- Genesis 11:26
Abram is only mentioned first by way of dignity, Noah's sons also are given as "Shem, Ham, and Japheth" in 5:32, although Shem was not the eldest, but for dignity is named first, as is Abram here (Clarke's Commentary, condensed).